Aerobic Exercise May Reduce ‘Chemo Brain’ in Breast Cancer Patients

One common side effect of chemotherapy is “brain fog”—a condition where individuals have difficulty remembering things and thinking clearly. Also known as “chemo brain,” studies show that up to 75% of chemotherapy patients experience this cognitive impairment.

Previous research suggests potential treatments for chemo-related brain fog, including medications, mindfulness-based interventions, and physical activity. According to Jennifer Brunet, PhD, a professor in the School of Human Kinetics at the University of Ottawa, this cognitive decline is especially pronounced in women undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer, with symptoms like confusion, forgetfulness, slow thinking, and trouble focusing.

Brunet led a new study, recently published in *CANCER*, which found that women undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer who simultaneously started an aerobic exercise program reported notable improvements in cognitive function and quality of life, compared to those who did not exercise

While the duration of brain fog varies, it can last for months or even years, significantly impacting daily life and mental health. Since there is no current treatment to prevent or reduce this condition, researchers emphasize the need for further investigation into ways to manage it.

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The ACTIVATE trial, led by Brunet’s team, involved 57 women from Ottawa and Vancouver diagnosed with stage I-III breast cancer. The participants engaged in 12 to 24 weeks of aerobic exercise, with some starting the program during chemotherapy and others after completing treatment. Those who began exercising alongside chemotherapy reported better cognitive function compared to those who started exercising later. However, neuropsychological tests revealed no significant difference in cognitive performance between the two groups.

As reported by medicalnewstoday, Brunet emphasized that although exercise may not completely eliminate brain fog, it addresses some underlying causes. She urged healthcare providers to encourage patients to integrate aerobic exercise during and after chemotherapy to help manage symptoms and improve overall well-being.

Dr. Bhavana Pathak, a board-certified oncologist, expressed appreciation for the study, highlighting the limited treatment options for cognitive impairment due to chemotherapy. She noted that aerobic activity has been shown to enhance cognitive function in other conditions and acknowledged the study’s focus on improving patients’ quality of life. Pathak emphasized the importance of balancing life-saving treatments with maintaining a life worth living.

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Physical therapist Diana Garrett also commented on the study, noting the known benefits of exercise on cognitive function, as well as cardiovascular, strength, bone health, and mental well-being. She pointed out that both groups of participants experienced benefits, regardless of when they started exercising, underscoring the value of staying active during and after treatment.