Despite its reputation as a low-mortality disease, the mosquito-borne viral illness chikungunya may have a far greater health and economic impact than previously thought. Research published in BMJ Global Health estimates that chikungunya cost approximately $50 billion globally between 2011 and 2020, with millions of people disabled by its chronic effects.
Maharashtra has seen a staggering threefold rise in chikungunya cases in 2024, reporting 5,445 cases compared to 1,702 in 2023. Nagpur alone accounted for nearly 20% of this year’s cases. Mumbai’s doctors have also observed more severe complications, with some patients requiring ICU care for swelling in the brain and heart tissues.
First identified in Tanzania in 1952, chikungunya has become a major global health concern, affecting 110 countries with 18.7 million cases reported to date. Around 42% of these cases have led to chronic conditions such as persistent joint pain, fatigue, and depression. The disease’s long-term impact, often underestimated due to misdiagnosis and limited diagnostic facilities, accounts for $25.1 billion of the total cost, while acute illness adds $24.8 billion.
The study highlights that indirect costs, including absenteeism, accounted for 94% of chikungunya’s financial burden, while direct healthcare costs made up the remaining 6%. The global average cost per case was estimated at $2,700.
In Maharashtra, heavy rains followed by dry spells created ideal conditions for mosquito breeding, contributing to outbreaks across most districts. To address the surge, the state government has initiated genomic surveillance to check for potential virus mutations.
Dr. Gautam Bhansali from Bombay Hospital noted a significant rise in chikungunya cases this year, alongside the usual infectious diseases like dengue, malaria, and leptospirosis. “Many patients experienced high fever and debilitating joint pain, making it difficult for them to move,” he said.
As reported by Times of India, the study underscores the influence of globalization, urbanization, and environmental changes in driving the spread of chikungunya, emphasizing the urgent need for improved diagnostics, treatment, and prevention strategies.