Health Department Intensifies Vigilance in Five Hotspot Districts
Ahead of the bat breeding season, Kerala’s Health Department has launched awareness initiatives in five districts prone to Nipah virus outbreaks—Kozhikode, Malappuram, Kannur, Wayanad, and Ernakulam.
As reported by financialexpress, the Kerala One Health Centre for Nipah Research, based in Kozhikode, recently issued fresh warnings, urging increased monitoring in these districts. Past outbreaks in these regions have been linked to the presence of the Nipah virus in both humans and fruit bats.
Extended Risk Period Prompts Heightened Surveillance
Typically, the virus spreads most actively from May to September, coinciding with the breeding season of fruit bats. However, recent studies indicate that the risk may extend into February, prompting authorities to enhance surveillance efforts throughout the year.
Stronger Screening Measures in Malappuram
Malappuram District Medical Officer Dr. R. Renuka confirmed that hospitals—both government and private—are now testing all patients with viral infections affecting the brain for Nipah. If doctors suspect a case, they will collect samples and send them to Manjeri Medical College or Kozhikode Medical College for initial testing.
Understanding the Nipah Virus
Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic pathogen, meaning it spreads from animals to humans. It can also be transmitted through contaminated food or direct human-to-human contact.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Nipah can cause a range of illnesses, from asymptomatic infections to severe respiratory distress and fatal encephalitis. The virus also affects animals, particularly pigs, leading to economic losses for farmers.
Recognizing the Symptoms
Symptoms of a Nipah virus infection typically appear within four to 14 days of exposure. Early signs include:
- Fever
- Headache
- Breathing difficulties
- Cough and sore throat
- Diarrhea
- Vomiting
- Muscle pain and severe weakness
Treatment Options: Managing Symptoms
Currently, no antiviral drugs exist to treat Nipah virus infections. Instead, treatment focuses on symptom management, which includes:
- Staying hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids
- Getting adequate rest
- Taking pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen
- Using medications to control nausea or vomiting
- Using inhalers or nebulizers for breathing difficulties
- Taking antiseizure medications if needed
Researchers are exploring monoclonal antibody treatments as a potential therapeutic approach.
By ramping up early detection and public awareness, Kerala aims to prevent future Nipah outbreaks and safeguard public health.