Researchers have developed a groundbreaking technique to identify infectious variants of viruses and bacteria, including those causing COVID-19, flu, tuberculosis, and whooping cough. Published in Nature, the method offers real-time monitoring of pathogens in human populations, enabling rapid detection of vaccine-resistant and antibiotic-resistant strains.
The approach uses genetic sequencing to track genetic changes in pathogens, providing critical insights into their spread and resistance. Unlike existing systems that rely on expert panels to classify new variants, this automated technique generates ‘family trees’ of pathogens, pinpointing new variants based on genetic evolution and transmissibility.
“This method can quickly reveal transmissible variants in a wide range of bacteria and viruses, allowing swift responses to emerging threats,” said Dr. Noémie Lefrancq, the study’s lead author from ETH Zurich and formerly of the University of Cambridge.
Applications and Early Results
The technique has been tested on Bordetella pertussis, the bacteria causing whooping cough, identifying three previously undetected variants amid the worst outbreaks in 25 years. It also detected two antibiotic-resistant variants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
“This timely approach enhances surveillance of pathogens like whooping cough, especially given its resurgence and the rise of resistant strains,” noted Professor Sylvain Brisse of Institut Pasteur, a collaborator on the study.
Transforming Public Health Responses
The tool requires only a small number of samples, making it valuable in resource-poor settings. By predicting how variants spread, it could guide vaccine development and treatment strategies, potentially altering global responses to infectious diseases.
“This system allows us to spot new transmissible or resistant strains rapidly and objectively,” said Professor Julian Parkhill of the University of Cambridge. “It’s a game-changer for tracking pathogens.”
As reported by medicalbuyer, the researchers emphasize that this innovation could become a cornerstone of global disease surveillance, helping governments respond effectively to the constant evolution of disease-causing pathogens.