Researchers at Duke University School of Medicine have developed an experimental drug, SBI-810, that may offer powerful pain relief without the dangerous side effects or addiction risks associated with opioids. Unlike traditional opioids that broadly activate multiple pathways in the nervous system, SBI-810 takes a highly targeted approach—offering pain relief while avoiding euphoria and dependency.
Focused Action through Innovative Mechanism
As reported by medschool.duke.edu, SBI-810 works by selectively activating the neurotensin receptor 1, which is found on sensory neurons and in the brain and spinal cord. The drug uses a technique called biased agonism to trigger only the β-arrestin-2 pathway—a signal linked specifically to pain relief—while bypassing those responsible for side effects or addictive behaviors.
Strong Results in Preclinical Studies
In mouse studies, SBI-810 effectively reduced pain from surgical incisions, bone fractures, and nerve injuries. The mice showed fewer signs of spontaneous discomfort, such as guarding behavior and grimacing. Even when compared to oliceridine, a hospital-administered opioid, SBI-810 performed better in some tests and caused less distress.
Amplifies Opioids, Reduces Dose
Interestingly, SBI-810 also enhanced the effects of opioids when used in combination, allowing for lower doses of opioids to achieve the same effect. This could be particularly valuable in clinical settings, potentially reducing the need for high opioid dosages and their associated risks.
Avoids Common Opioid Side Effects
One of the most promising features of SBI-810 is its ability to relieve pain without inducing tolerance, constipation, sedation, or memory loss—issues commonly seen with opioids like morphine and nerve painkillers like gabapentin. In repeated use, the drug maintained its effectiveness without requiring dose escalation.
Potential for Broad Pain Applications
Lead researcher Dr. Ru-Rong Ji is the director of the Duke Anesthesiology Center for Translational Pain Medicine. He noted SBI-810’s dual action on both the peripheral and central nervous systems. This makes it a strong candidate for treating acute and chronic pain, ranging from post-surgical recovery to diabetic neuropathy.
Urgent Need for Safer Pain Relief Options
With more than 80,000 opioid-related deaths annually in the U.S. and nearly one-third of the population suffering from chronic pain, the need for non-addictive pain relief has never been greater. SBI-810 could mark a significant step forward in addressing this public health crisis.
Next Steps: Human Trials and Patent Protection
Although still in the early stages of development, Duke researchers have secured multiple patents for SBI-810 and aim to begin human clinical trials soon. The project received funding support from the National Institutes of Health and the U.S. Department of Defense.
Conclusion
With SBI-810, Duke scientists are paving the way for a new class of painkillers that offer relief without the risk. By blending scientific precision with clinical necessity, this innovation could transform the landscape of pain management.