World Arthritis Day is observed on October 12th every year. This occasion serves as a global platform to raise awareness about arthritis, which is a condition that affects millions of people worldwide[1]. A crucial mission is carried out on this day. Physicians shed light on the challenges faced by individuals with arthritis, and they emphasize the importance of early detection, diagnosis, and optimum management.
Arthritis is not a single ailment but a collective term that represents over 100 types of joint-related conditions. Osteoarthritis, gout, and rheumatoid arthritis are the most prevalent conditions. It knows no boundaries – it affects individuals of all ages, genders, and backgrounds.[2] The impact of arthritis extends beyond physical pain, often leading to limited mobility, emotional distress, and a profound economic burden.
The theme for World Arthritis Day 2023 – ‘It’s in Your Hand, Take Action,’ highlights the role that each one of us can play in the battle against arthritis. It calls upon individuals, families, caregivers, and healthcare providers. They need to take proactive steps toward improving the quality of life of individuals with arthritis.[3] This includes adopting healthy lifestyles, timely medical intervention, and providing much-needed support. We have to strive to heal, and not just prescribe medications. As healthcare providers, it is important to go beyond simply prescribing medications and to focus on providing comprehensive care that addresses the underlying causes of rheumatologic conditions.
By commemorating World Arthritis Day, we collectively acknowledge the resilience of arthritis patients and recommit ourselves to their ongoing fight against this debilitating condition. Together, through awareness, education, research, and improved access to care, we strive for a world where arthritis no longer hinders individuals from living their lives to the fullest.
Understanding Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune disorder. It is a complex condition characterized by inflammation in the joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and potential damage to joints. Herein, we delve into the key aspects of RA, explaining its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and management.
- Causes and Risk Factors
RA occurs when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the synovium—the lining of the membranes that surround the joints.[4] Although the exact cause of RA is unknown, genetics, environmental factors, and hormonal changes may contribute to its development. Women are more likely to be affected by RA than men, and it often occurs between the ages of 30 and 50.
- Symptoms
The hallmark symptoms of RA include joint pain, swelling, and morning stiffness that lasts for more than an hour. With time, this inflammation can lead to joint deformities and functional impairment. This condition is not just limited to joints; it can affect other organs, including the skin, eyes, lungs, heart, nerves, and kidneys.
1Professor & Head Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Bharati Vidyapeeth University Medical College & Hospital, Pune.
2DM Resident, Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology.
Corresponding Author: Dr. Kavita Krishna, Professor & Head Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Bharati Vidyapeeth University Medical College & Hospital, Pune.
- Diagnosis
An early diagnosis of RA is crucial for effective management. The diagnosis of RA is confirmed by a combination of factors, such as medical history, physical examinations, blood tests (such as rheumatoid factor and anti-CCP antibodies), and imaging studies (like X-rays, ultrasound, and MRIs).
- Management and Treatment
While there is no cure for RA, several treatment options can control its symptoms and slow down the disease’s progression. Medications like disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biologics help manage inflammation and pain in patients with RA. The new DMARDs like biologics and targeted therapies often help in treating patients, who are refractory to conventional treatment. A balanced diet consisting of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can provide essential nutrients to patients, augmenting joint health and muscle strength. Physical therapy, lifestyle modifications, and assistive devices can improve the function of joints and the quality of life.
- Living with Rheumatoid Arthritis
It is challenging to live with RA, but many individuals grapple with RA and lead fulfilling lives. They receive the right treatment and support. Support groups, adaptive strategies, and a healthy lifestyle can significantly enhance an individual’s ability to manage RA.
It is essential to provide multidisciplinary care for the long-term management of RA. Its causes, symptoms, and treatment options should be understood completely by individuals with RA. Thus, they can take an active role in improving their health and well-being. Meanwhile, they can also seek support from healthcare professionals and support networks.
The Socioeconomic Challenges of Arthritis Beyond the Pain[2]
Arthritis is a debilitating condition and is characterized by inflammation of joints. It causes physical and socioeconomic challenges to those affected. This chronic ailment impacts individuals and communities in various ways, often leading to a cycle of financial strain and reduced quality of life. Let us understand why this happens.
1. Reduced Workforce Participation
Arthritis can hinder a person’s ability to work, or it can compel them to reduce their working hours. This is because they have joint pain, joint stiffness, and limited mobility. This inevitably results in reduced income and financial instability, both for the individual and their families.
2. Increased Healthcare Costs
The management of arthritis often entails ongoing medical care, medications, physical therapy, and sometimes surgeries. These expenses can incur quickly, straining the financial resources of individuals, their families, and healthcare systems.
3. Disability and Dependency
In severe cases, arthritis can lead to disability, causing individuals to depend on disability benefits. They would also need the support of family members or caregivers. This can alter family dynamics and place additional financial stress on households.
4. Productivity Loss
Beyond the individual’s capacity, arthritis also affects national economies. The workforce’s productivity is reduced due to absenteeism and the efficiency is lower in workers with arthritis. All these effects can lead to substantial economic losses.
5. Health Inequities
Socioeconomic disparities can exacerbate the challenges of individuals with arthritis. Patients with limited access to healthcare services may face delayed diagnosis and inadequate treatment.
6. The Impact on Mental Health
The emotional toll of arthritis, coupled with its socioeconomic challenges, can contribute to mental health issues like depression and anxiety. These, in turn, can further hinder an individual’s ability to work and manage their condition effectively.
A multifaceted approach is required to address the socioeconomic problems of individuals with arthritis. It involves improving access to healthcare, providing more resources, offering financial support programs, and providing workplace accommodations for individuals with arthritis. Additionally, public awareness campaigns and research initiatives play a crucial role in reducing the economic and emotional burden of this widespread condition. By addressing these challenges collectively, we can create a society where individuals with arthritis receive the support, they need to lead fulfilling lives, despite the socioeconomic obstacles that they face.
Steps Towards Arthritis Relief Managing and Mitigating the Pain [5]
Arthritis is a group of joint disorders and is characterized by inflammation, pain, and stiffness. Therefore, it is a daunting condition to live with. However, there are steps individuals can take to manage and mitigate the impact of arthritis on their daily lives.
- Early Diagnosis and Treatment
The journey to getting arthritis relief begins with an early diagnosis. If you suspect arthritis symptoms, seek medical attention promptly. An early intervention can prevent joint damage and improve long-term outcomes. - Medication and Therapy
Consult with a healthcare professional and determine the most suitable medication and therapeutic options. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and biologics can help manage inflammation and pain. Physical therapy, occupational therapy, and assistive devices can improve the function of joints. - Lifestyle Modifications
Adopting a healthy lifestyle is key to arthritis management. A balanced diet, regular exercise, and weight control can reduce the stress on joints. Low-impact exercises like swimming or yoga can improve the flexibility of joints and reduce pain. - Pain Management Strategies
Explore pain management techniques, such as heat or cold therapy, and over-the-counter pain relievers. Physical techniques, such as joint protection and splinting, can also help in pain management. - Support Networks
Support groups or counselors can provide emotional support and coping strategies to individuals with arthritis. By sharing experiences and tips with people who understand the challenges of arthritis, patients can feel relaxed. - Adaptive Living
Make your living environment arthritis-friendly. Simple modifications, such as using ergonomic tools, installing handrails, and choosing joint-friendly furniture, can make a significant difference to the levels of daily comfort. - Regular Check-Ups
Go for regular check-ups to your healthcare provider, who monitors arthritis and adjusts your treatment plan, as needed. - Stress Management
Chronic pain can take a toll on mental health. Engage in stress management techniques, such as mindfulness, meditation, or relaxation exercises. Thus, your overall well-being can be improved. - Advocacy and Awareness
Get engaged in advocacy efforts that raise awareness about arthritis and support research initiatives. Advocate for arthritis-friendly policies in your community.
Never Give Up
Arthritis may present challenges, but with determination and adequate support, individuals can lead comfortable lives. Stay informed, stay active, and keep a positive outlook on your journey towards arthritis relief.
Conclusion
By taking these steps above, individuals with arthritis can regain confidence and take control over their lives. They can find relief from the pain and limitations imposed by arthritis. Remember, that each person’s experience with arthritis is unique, so physicians have to tailor their approach to the specific needs of each patient. Moreover, the patients should also consult healthcare professionals for personalized guidance.
References
- Kyriakou Yiasoumi C OP0282-PARE WORLD ARTHRITIS DAY, A UNIQUE CAMPAIGN Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2023;82:185.
- Senthelal S, Li J, Ardeshirzadeh S, Thomas MA. Arthritis. 2023 Jun 20. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan–. PMID: 30085534.
- World arthritis day: https://www.wockhardthospitals.com/press-release/world-arthritis-day/.
- Rheumatoid Arthritis: Causes, Symptoms, Treatments and More; Arthritis foundation 2021: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323361.
- 5 Ways to Manage Arthritis: CDC; June 2023: https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/basics/managemen.
