The All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar has launched a research initiative to study the Cycad plant, an ancient ornamental nut tree locally known as ‘Veru’ or ‘Aruguna’. The move comes amid growing concerns that the plant contains BMAA (β-N-methylamino-L-alanine), a potential neurotoxin linked to serious neurological disorders.
Identifying a Hidden Health Threat
Scientists have detected the presence of BMAA in several Cycad species found across the forests of Odisha. This finding has raised alarms, as some communities continue the traditional practice of consuming Cycad products, particularly its nuts, as part of their diet and cultural rituals. The potential health implications of this practice have prompted immediate research and public health attention.
Collaborative Study to Understand and Mitigate Risks
As reported by The New Indian Express, the ongoing research is being led by Prof. S.K. Barik, Dean, School of Life Sciences at North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU), and Prof. Sanjeev Kumar Bhoi, Head of Neurology at AIIMS Bhubaneswar. The study aims to develop a comprehensive roadmap for assessing and mitigating Cycad-related health risks. It also seeks to enhance community awareness and promote interdisciplinary collaboration between scientists, clinicians, and public health experts.
Cycad Toxins Linked to Neurodegenerative Diseases
Doctors from AIIMS Bhubaneswar’s neurology department revealed that Cycad plants, often used as ornamental flora, contain potent toxins such as Cycacin, BMAA, and MAM (methylazoxymethanol). These compounds have been strongly associated with severe neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinsonism, motor neuron disease, and dementia.
Globally, similar patterns have been observed in regions like Guam (USA) and the Kii Peninsula (Japan). In these areas, Cycad-based foods have historically been part of local diets. This has led to high incidences of neurological disorders.
Workshop Highlights Global and Local Concerns
To address the issue, AIIMS Bhubaneswar and NEHU Shillong recently organized a national workshop titled ‘Cycad-Related Neurological Disorders: A Multi-Dimensional Approach to Its Remediation’. The event brought together national and international scientists, neurologists, and public health experts, who discussed the serious health risks linked to Cycad consumption and explored strategies for risk reduction.
Experts noted that the Cycad is one of the oldest surviving plant species. It is believed to have coexisted with dinosaurs for over 300 million years. This adds a historical dimension to its scientific importance.
Field Visits to Tribal Regions for On-Ground Assessment
As part of the study, researchers conducted field visits to Dhuannali in Khurda and Gangamunda and Suaginali in Dhenkanal, where local tribal communities continue to depend on Cycad plants as a traditional food source. These field observations aim to help scientists understand patterns of consumption, community beliefs, and potential exposure risks.
Toward Safer, Informed Practices
Through this initiative, AIIMS Bhubaneswar and its partners aim to build a strong scientific evidence base. This research will help guide public health policy, support community education, and promote safe dietary practices. By combining research, awareness, and collaboration, the team aims to prevent potential neurotoxic exposure and protect vulnerable populations. The goal is to promote a balance between tradition and safety.