Researchers from Mumbai have identified a significant link between metabolic syndrome—a cluster of conditions that increase the risk of coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and stroke—and a heightened likelihood of developing gynaecological cancers. The study, conducted at the National Institute of Reproductive and Child Health (NIRRCH), an ICMR lab in Parel, reviewed papers from around the world to explore how metabolic syndrome could influence the risk of ovarian, endometrial, cervical, vaginal, and vulvar cancers. The findings have been published in ICMR’s Indian Journal of Medical Research.
Quantifying the Risk
According to Dr. Susan Idicula-Thomas, the study’s lead author, the review of existing research clearly establishes a link between metabolic syndrome and cancer risk. The study found that women with metabolic syndrome face a 26% higher risk of cervical cancer and a 45% higher risk of endometrial cancer compared to women without the condition. Co-author Denny John from MS Ramaiah University, Bengaluru, added, “Women with metabolic syndrome have three times the odds of developing ovarian cancer compared to those without it.”
Limitations and Variations in Data
As reported by TOI, the researchers acknowledged certain limitations. No studies from India met the inclusion criteria, and some of the reviewed studies had flaws in patient selection and statistical analysis. Additionally, global definitions of metabolic syndrome varied—some studies emphasized obesity, while others prioritized insulin resistance as a key criterion.
Metabolic Syndrome: A Growing Concern in India
Globally, about 25% of the population has metabolic syndrome, while in India, researchers estimate its prevalence at 30%, affecting more females (35%) than males (26%). Each year, health authorities report roughly 500,000 new gynaecological cancer cases worldwide, including about 100,000 in India.
Preventive Potential
Dr. Idicula-Thomas emphasized the importance of prevention: “Metabolic syndrome is an epidemic affecting both urban and rural populations. Cancer rates are rising alongside it. Since metabolic syndrome is preventable in many cases, primary prevention could help reduce the risk of both metabolic disorders and gynaecological cancers.”
Conclusion
The study underscores the need for increased awareness, early detection, and lifestyle interventions targeting metabolic syndrome, which could have a dual benefit in preventing cardiovascular diseases and reducing the risk of gynaecological cancers.