Researchers from the CSIR–Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB) and the L.V. Prasad Eye Institute (LVPEI) have uncovered concerning levels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria responsible for eye infections.
The collaborative study, recently published in Communications Biology, represents one of the most comprehensive genomic analyses of ocular pathogens from India to date. The research team included CCMB scientists Karthik Bharadwaj and Divya Tej Sowpati, along with Joveeta Joseph from LVPEI.
Integrated Clinical and Genomic Research Approach
In this collaboration, CCMB researchers conducted the genomic and bioinformatics analyses, while LVPEI scientists provided clinical expertise, patient samples, and microbiological characterisation.
The team analysed bacteria isolated from clinical samples and tested them against widely used antibiotics. Their results revealed that more than 45% of the bacterial isolates were multidrug-resistant, highlighting a significant treatment challenge.
Detection of Highly Drug-Resistant Pathogens
As reported by The Hindu, the researchers identified several highly resistant bacterial strains associated with eye infections. Notably, they detected vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae.
According to Karthik Bharadwaj, these findings are particularly concerning because such bacteria can transfer AMR genes to other microorganisms. Furthermore, these pathogens are capable of spreading beyond the eye and infecting other parts of the body, potentially causing more severe health complications.
Whole-Genome Sequencing Reveals New Resistance Mechanisms
Using whole-genome sequencing, the research team identified previously unreported genetic mutations and AMR-associated mechanisms in the studied bacteria.
These discoveries highlight the urgent need to reassess current treatment practices, particularly the routine use of antibiotics before identifying the specific causative organism. This practice, commonly known as empirical therapy, may contribute to the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance.
Resistance to Commonly Prescribed Antibiotics
The study also revealed widespread resistance to fluoroquinolones, a class of antibiotics frequently prescribed for eye infections. All pathogens analysed in the study showed resistance to these drugs.
Consequently, the findings emphasise the importance of microbiology-guided diagnosis and targeted treatment strategies, especially for severe ocular conditions such as microbial keratitis and endophthalmitis.
Need for Region-Specific Treatment Guidelines
Commenting on the findings, Joveeta Joseph, Head of Microbiology at LVPEI, stated that the research provides a critical foundation for developing region-specific treatment guidelines and strengthening antimicrobial stewardship in ophthalmology.
In addition, Prashant Garg, Executive Chair of LVPEI, noted that the eye could serve as a valuable site for monitoring antimicrobial resistance trends in the surrounding environment.
Call for Stronger Clinical–Scientific Collaboration
Meanwhile, Vinay K. Nandicoori, Director of CSIR-CCMB, emphasised the importance of close collaboration between clinicians and scientists in tackling antimicrobial resistance.
He highlighted that AMR must be studied in real clinical settings and patient populations, rather than relying solely on laboratory models, in order to develop effective strategies to combat the growing global threat.