Experts at the PGI human brain bank have begun extracting DNA from preserved brain tissue to better understand how the brain ages. Through this initiative, researchers aim to identify why the brain deteriorates over time and explore ways to slow or prevent this decline.
Diverse Sample Collection Across Age Groups
Importantly, the brain bank does not limit its sample collection to elderly individuals. Over the past five years, it has gathered brain samples from people across various age groups. This broad dataset enables scientists to study brain development, ageing, and degeneration across the entire lifespan.
Decoding the Biology of Ageing
Prof. Nandita Kakkar, who leads the ICMR-funded project, explains that analysing DNA in these samples will help uncover the biological triggers of brain ageing. Additionally, her team is studying both DNA and RNA—key genetic materials present in all living cells—to gain deeper insights into neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease.
By working with high-quality specimens, researchers aim to identify early markers of these diseases. Consequently, this could lead to strategies that help delay, mitigate, or even prevent such conditions from an early stage.
Enabling Collaborative Research
As reported by TOI, the brain bank has also created a structured system that allows eligible researchers to access its resources. According to Prof. Kakkar, both extracted DNA and preserved tissue samples are available to external scientists working in related fields. This open-access approach encourages collaboration and accelerates scientific discovery.
Growing Repository of High-Quality Samples
So far, the brain bank has archived 210 samples, including 160 perinatal and neonatal brains and 50 adult brains. Researchers have successfully isolated and preserved high-quality DNA and RNA from 60 cases at −80°C.
Moreover, the facility stores fresh frozen human brain tumour samples alongside autopsy specimens. Notably, it is currently the only brain bank of its kind in North India and became operational in 2024.
Studying the Brain Across Life Stages
The repository includes brain sections from children to the elderly. Therefore, it allows researchers to examine how the brain evolves, matures, and eventually declines across different stages of life. This comprehensive approach strengthens the potential for breakthrough findings in neuroscience.
Expansion to Advanced Neuroscience Centre
At present, the brain bank operates within the Department of Histopathology. However, it is set to undergo a significant upgrade. Soon, it will shift to the newly established Advanced Neuroscience Centre, which will offer improved infrastructure and research capabilities. The facility will also be located alongside a museum, further enhancing its academic value.
Moving Closer to Understanding Ageing
Although a definitive cure for ageing remains elusive, scientists at PGI are making steady progress. Through continued research and collaboration, they aim to unlock the mysteries of brain ageing and pave the way for future preventive strategies.