A new study by doctors from the Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research (SJICR) has revealed that HIV-positive patients face significantly higher cardiovascular risks compared to those who are HIV-negative. The research, titled “Cardiac Complications in People Living With HIV: Long-Term Insights From an Indian Cohort,” was published in September in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology (JACC).
One of India’s Largest Long-Term HIV-Heart Studies
Representing one of India’s most extensive long-term investigations into HIV-associated coronary artery disease, the study tracked 910 patients over more than a decade at SJICR. It highlights an emerging concern—the growing burden of cardiovascular complications among HIV-positive individuals, even in the era of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART).
Higher Incidence of Comorbidities and Long-Term Risks
As reported by TOI, the study found that HIV-positive patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)—a procedure involving stent placement—showed a higher prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia than HIV-negative individuals. However, procedural success rates remained comparable between the two groups. Short-term outcomes in the catheterisation lab were similar for both groups. However, long-term mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were notably higher among people living with HIV, the researchers reported.
Findings Presented at Global Cardiology Forum
Dr. H.S. Natraj Setty, Associate Professor of Cardiology and Head of HIV-Heart Research at SJICR, presented these findings at the TCT 2025 conference. The event was held in San Francisco, USA.
Persistent Risk Despite Modern Treatment
“Our findings show that even with effective HIV control and the latest drug-eluting stent technology, cardiovascular risk persists,” said Dr. Setty. He emphasized the urgent need for early risk identification and targeted secondary prevention. Integrated management strategies are essential to safeguard this vulnerable group worldwide.
A Growing Global Health Challenge
Dr. Setty also warned that HIV and coronary heart disease (CHD) are becoming increasingly intertwined public health challenges. As people living with HIV age, their cardiovascular risk burden continues to rise. This trend is creating new clinical and systemic challenges for healthcare providers worldwide.
Call for Integrated Care Models
The researchers concluded that integrating cardiac risk management within HIV care programs could significantly improve long-term outcomes. This approach, they suggest, is crucial for addressing the dual burden of infectious and non-communicable diseases in the modern era.